The prostate is a gland found in the male reproductive system, located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is roughly the size and shape of a walnut, and surrounds the urethra, which carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The prostate gland plays an important role in the production of semen, which is the fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. As men age, the prostate gland can become enlarged, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating, a weak urine stream, and frequent urination. In some cases, BPH may require medical treatment.

The human bladder is a muscular sac located in the pelvis that serves as a reservoir for urine. It is part of the urinary system, which also includes the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. The bladder is responsible for storing urine until it is expelled from the body during urination. Various medical conditions can affect the bladder and its function, such as urinary tract infections, bladder cancer, overactive bladder syndrome, and urinary incontinence. Treatment options depend on the specific condition and can include medications, lifestyle changes, and surgical interventions.

The human kidney is a vital organ responsible for filtering the blood and removing waste products and excess fluids from the body. It is a paired organ located on either side of the spine, in the lower back, and is about the size of a fist. The kidneys are made up of millions of tiny structures called nephrons, which perform the actual filtration of blood. If the kidneys fail to function properly, waste products and excess fluids can build up in the body, leading to a variety of health problems. Some common conditions that affect the kidneys include kidney stones, urinary tract infections, glomerulonephritis, and chronic kidney disease. Treatment for kidney problems varies depending on the underlying cause, but may include medications, dietary changes, or dialysis in severe cases.